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A reference electrode is an electrode which has a stable and well-known electrode potential. The high stability of the electrode potential is usually reached by employing a redox system with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participants of the redox reaction. There are many ways reference electrodes are used. The simplest is when the reference electrode is used as a half cell to build an electrochemical cell. This allows the potential of the other half cell to be determined. An accurate and practical method to measure an electrode's potential in isolation (absolute electrode potential) has yet to be developed. == Aqueous reference electrodes == Common reference electrodes and potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode: * Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) (E=0.000 V) activity of H+=1 * Normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) (E ≈ 0.000 V)concentration H+=1 * Reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) (E=0.000 V - 0.0591 *pH) * Saturated calomel electrode (SCE) (E=+0.241 V saturated) * Copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode(CSE) (E=+0.314 V) * Silver chloride electrode (E=+0.197 V saturated) * pH-electrode (in case of pH buffered solutions, see buffer solution) * Palladium-hydrogen electrode * Dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE) * Mercury-mercurous sulfate electrode (E=+0.64 V in sat'd K2SO4, E=+0.68 V in 0.5 M H2SO4) (MSE) Image:Standard hydrogen electrode 2009-02-06.svg|Standard Hydrogen Electrode Image:CopperSulphateElectrode.png|Cu-Cu(II) reference electrode Image:Ag-AgCl Reference Electrode.jpg|Ag-AgCl reference electrode 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「reference electrode」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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